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(a) (i) Define the term recombinant DNA - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 32 - 2003 - Paper 1
Question 32
(a) (i) Define the term recombinant DNA. (ii) Outline TWO steps used in the production of recombinant DNA. (b) Outline the benefits of the Human Genome Project. (... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:(a) (i) Define the term recombinant DNA - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 32 - 2003 - Paper 1
Step 1
Step 2
Outline TWO steps used in the production of recombinant DNA.
Answer
- Isolation of the Gene: The first step involves identifying and isolating the specific DNA segment that encodes the desired trait.
- Insertion into a Vector: The isolated gene is then inserted into a vector, such as a plasmid, which can replicate and express the foreign gene in host cells.
Step 3
Outline the benefits of the Human Genome Project.
Answer
The Human Genome Project has several benefits, including:
- Understanding Genetic Diseases: It has provided insights into genetic disorders, aiding in diagnosis and treatment.
- Advancing Biomedical Research: The data generated has accelerated research in genetics, evolution, and personalized medicine.
Step 4
Discuss the use of gene therapy to manage EITHER a named genetic disease, OR a named form of cancer, OR AIDS.
Answer
Gene therapy is used to treat Cystic Fibrosis, a genetic disorder. This therapy involves introducing a normal copy of the CFTR gene into the patient's cells, which helps restore the function of the defective gene responsible for producing mucus in the lungs.
Step 5
From the ABO blood group data, identify which male(s), if any, can be excluded as the biological father of the child.
Answer
From the ABO blood group data, Male 3 (type B) can be excluded as the biological father since the child has type O, which would not be possible if Male 3 were the father.
Step 6
Step 7
Explain which of these two methods is more accurate in paternity testing.
Answer
The DNA fingerprinting method is generally considered more accurate in paternity testing than ABO blood group analysis. This is because DNA fingerprints provide a more detailed comparison of genetic material, allowing for a higher level of specificity in confirming biological relationships.
Step 8
Describe how you processed and analysed the gathered information.
Answer
I processed the gathered information by conducting a literature review, extracting key findings related to gene analysis and evolutionary relationships. Statistical methods were employed to analyze the data and establish correlations.
Step 9
State how you assessed the reliability of the data obtained.
Answer
I assessed the reliability by cross-referencing the findings with multiple peer-reviewed sources, ensuring the credibility of the studies used. Additionally, I considered the methodologies employed in the research to evaluate the robustness of the data.
Step 10
Evaluate the current use of gene cloning in animals and plants.
Answer
Gene cloning is currently utilized in agriculture to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that exhibit desirable traits such as pest resistance and higher yields. In animals, it is used for cloning livestock with superior genetics to enhance food production. However, ethical concerns and ecological impacts remain significant issues that need addressing.