Photo AI
Describe how the important work carried out by Rosalind Franklin enabled James Watson and Francis Crick to identify the structure of DNA - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 24 - 2003 - Paper 1
Question 24
Describe how the important work carried out by Rosalind Franklin enabled James Watson and Francis Crick to identify the structure of DNA. In 1962, James Watson, Fra... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Describe how the important work carried out by Rosalind Franklin enabled James Watson and Francis Crick to identify the structure of DNA - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 24 - 2003 - Paper 1
Step 1
Describe how the important work carried out by Rosalind Franklin enabled James Watson and Francis Crick to identify the structure of DNA.
Answer
Rosalind Franklin conducted pioneering work in understanding the structure of DNA through her expertise in X-ray crystallography. Her famous Photo 51, an X-ray diffraction image, provided crucial evidence regarding the helical structure of DNA. This image illustrated the dimensions of the DNA helix and the spacing of the bases, which were vital clues that Watson and Crick used to model the double helix structure of DNA. Franklin's meticulous research and interpretation of X-ray data were instrumental in illuminating the molecular structure of DNA, enabling Watson and Crick to propose their now-famous model.
Step 2
In 1962, James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for identifying the structure of DNA. Using examples, evaluate the impact of this discovery on current genetic technology.
Answer
The discovery of the DNA structure by Watson, Crick, and Wilkins marked a pivotal moment in genetics, laying the foundation for molecular biology. One significant impact is the advancement of genetic engineering, which allows for the manipulation of DNA in organisms. For example, the development of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized gene editing, enabling precise modifications to DNA sequences. This technique has applications in medicine, such as developing gene therapies for genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.
Additionally, the understanding of DNA structure has facilitated the Human Genome Project, which mapped all human genes, leading to breakthroughs in personalized medicine. Insights into genetic predispositions to diseases have improved preventative measures and tailored treatments based on individual genetic profiles. Thus, the identification of DNA's structure continues to influence scientific research and technology, enhancing our capabilities in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.