Which adaptation would decrease water loss from a plant in a region low rainfall? (A) Broad leaves (B) Surface roots (C) Sunken stomates (D) Loosely packed epidermal cells - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 3 - 2015 - Paper 1

To determine the best adaptation for decreasing water loss in plants from regions with low rainfall, let's analyze the provided options:

1. Broad leaves - This adaptation typically increases the surface area for photosynthesis, but it also increases water loss through transpiration. Thus, it is not suitable in arid conditions.

2. Surface roots - While surface roots may capture water from brief rain events, they do not reduce water loss from the plant and may lead to increased evaporation.

3. Sunken stomates - This adaptation effectively minimizes water loss by placing the stomates in a recessed position, reducing exposure to wind and humidity loss. This strategy is commonly seen in plants adapted to arid environments.

4. Loosely packed epidermal cells - Loosely packed cells can enhance gas exchange but may also contribute to increased water loss due to more air spaces allowing for higher evaporation rates.

Considering the above analysis, the most effective adaptation to decrease water loss from a plant in a region of low rainfall is (C) Sunken stomates.