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Explain how TWO processes that affect the gene pool of populations can lead to evolution. - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 29 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 29
Explain how TWO processes that affect the gene pool of populations can lead to evolution.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain how TWO processes that affect the gene pool of populations can lead to evolution. - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 29 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
Process 1: Mutation
Answer
Mutation is a change in an organism's DNA sequence that can lead to the creation of new alleles in a gene pool. When a mutation occurs, it can introduce new phenotypic traits that may provide advantages or disadvantages in the environment. Over time, beneficial mutations can become more common within the population through processes like natural selection, leading to evolutionary changes.
Step 2
Process 2: Gene Flow
Answer
Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material between populations through migration. When individuals from one population migrate to another and reproduce, they introduce new alleles into that population's gene pool. This mixing of genetic information can enhance genetic diversity and may lead to evolutionary changes. For instance, if a population is at risk of genetic bottlenecking, the introduction of new alleles from another population can help maintain or restore genetic diversity, which is crucial for adaptability and survival in changing environments.