Which processes result in genetic variation of offspring? (A) DNA mutation and gamete formation (B) Cell differentiation and gamete formation (C) DNA mutation and polypeptide production (D) Cell differentiation and polypeptide production - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 7 - 2008 - Paper 1

To determine which processes result in genetic variation of offspring, we need to analyze the options provided.

1. DNA Mutation: This process introduces changes in the DNA sequence, which can lead to variation among offspring. Mutations can be heritable, contributing to genetic diversity.

2. Gamete Formation: The process of meiosis leads to the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs) that carry unique combinations of genes due to independent assortment and crossing over. This also promotes genetic variation in offspring.

3. Cell Differentiation: While important for development, this process does not contribute to genetic variation since it does not alter the genetic material itself.

4. Polypeptide Production: It is the outcome of gene expression and does not itself cause genetic variation, as it relies on pre-existing genetic material.

Considering these points, the correct processes that contribute to genetic variation are DNA mutation and gamete formation. Therefore, the answer is:

(A) DNA mutation and gamete formation.