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The following is a diagram of nucleotides - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 34 - 2010 - Paper 1
Question 34
The following is a diagram of nucleotides. (i) Identify components X and Y. (ii) Contrast Z in DNA and RNA. (b) Outline the use of highly variable genes for DNA f... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The following is a diagram of nucleotides - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 34 - 2010 - Paper 1
Step 1
Step 2
Contrast Z in DNA and RNA.
Answer
Component Z represents a nitrogenous base. In DNA, the nitrogenous bases can be adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G), while in RNA, the bases are adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). Thus, one key difference is that DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.
Step 3
Outline the use of highly variable genes for DNA fingerprinting.
Answer
Highly variable genes, often referred to as microsatellites or short tandem repeats (STRs), are used in DNA fingerprinting because they exhibit a high degree of polymorphism among individuals. This variation allows for the unique identification of individuals based on their specific STR profiles. Forensic scientists, paternity testing, and biodiversity studies rely on this variability to differentiate between genetic samples.
Step 4
Outline the effect of germ line mutations on species.
Answer
Germ line mutations occur in the reproductive cells and can be passed on to offspring. These mutations can lead to genetic diversity within a species, which may affect evolutionary processes. However, if the mutations are deleterious, they may result in genetic disorders or reduced fitness in the population, impacting survival and reproduction.
Step 5
Explain the impact of transposable genetic elements on the genome.
Answer
Transposable genetic elements, or 'jumping genes,' can move from one location to another within the genome. Their movement can disrupt gene function, lead to mutations, and contribute to genetic diversity. Additionally, they can influence gene expression and regulation, playing a role in evolution by introducing new genetic variations and promoting adaptability in changing environments.