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Assess the use of vaccinations and the vaccination schedule - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 30 - 2023 - Paper 1
Question 30
Assess the use of vaccinations and the vaccination schedule. Use the data provided to support your answer.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Assess the use of vaccinations and the vaccination schedule - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 30 - 2023 - Paper 1
Step 1
Understanding the Use of Vaccinations
Answer
Vaccinations are crucial for inducing an immune response to pathogens, allowing individuals to become immune without suffering from the disease itself. The tetanus vaccine, introduced in 1953, has significantly reduced cases of the disease in older populations.
Step 2
Graphs and Antibody Levels
Answer
From the provided graph, we see that the tetanus antibody levels rise significantly after each dose. Administering the first dose helps establish immunity, but subsequent doses boost the antibody levels higher, ensuring lasting protection. The antibody levels drop over time, particularly in older adults, illustrating the necessity of a booster to maintain immunity.
Step 3
Judgement about the Vaccination Schedule
Answer
The vaccination schedule indicated in the graph appears effective. It demonstrates that regular boosters (such as the 5th dose around age 13) are necessary to keep antibody levels elevated. This is particularly important for individuals over 65, as they may have a diminished immune response, leading to increased vulnerability to tetanus.
Step 4
Conclusion on Vaccination Effectiveness
Answer
In conclusion, the tetanus vaccination schedule effectively maintains immunity, especially in older populations. The data implies that without boosters, individuals become non-immune, which can lead to increased cases in the elderly, emphasizing the importance of adhering to the vaccination schedule.