How do vaccinations prevent disease? (A) They increase the inflammation process - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 6 - 2012 - Paper 1

Vaccinations primarily work by training the immune system to recognize specific pathogens without causing disease. When a vaccine is administered, it contains a harmless component of the pathogen (such as a protein or part of its genetic material). This prompts the immune system to produce antibodies specific to that pathogen.

1. Production of Antibodies: Upon exposure to the vaccine, the immune system reacts by creating B cells that produce antibodies. These antibodies remain in the bloodstream, providing future protection against the actual pathogen.

2. Memory Cells: In addition to antibodies, the immune system generates memory cells. These cells 'remember' the specific pathogen and allow for a faster and more robust response if the body is exposed to the actual pathogen in the future.

Thus, statement C is the correct answer; vaccinations increase the number of antibodies against pathogens to offer immunity.