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In twelfth-century China, people seeking protection from smallpox removed scabs from people mildly scarred from the disease - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 23 - 2001 - Paper 1
Question 23
In twelfth-century China, people seeking protection from smallpox removed scabs from people mildly scarred from the disease. These scabs were then ground and inhaled... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:In twelfth-century China, people seeking protection from smallpox removed scabs from people mildly scarred from the disease - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 23 - 2001 - Paper 1
Step 1
Explain the role of B and T cells in the immune response
Answer
The practices were successful due to the activation of the immune system through exposure to antigens present in the smallpox scabs. When these scabs are introduced into the body, B cells recognize the antigens and begin to produce antibodies, which specifically target the smallpox virus. Simultaneously, T cells are activated to identify and destroy infected cells.
Step 2
Discuss the production of antibodies
Answer
The inhalation or injection of smallpox material led to the production of antibodies by B cells, which neutralize the virus during subsequent exposures. These antibodies provide immediate protection by binding to the virus and preventing it from infecting new cells.
Step 3
Describe the development of cell-mediated immunity
Answer
Furthermore, the introduction of smallpox antigens helped in developing cell-mediated immunity. This form of immunity involves T cells, which can recognize and eliminate body cells that have been infected by the virus. Over time, this process establishes long-term immunity, as memory B and T cells persist in the body to respond more effectively to future infections.