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The incidence of cervical cancer in the Australian population is shown in the graph from 1985–2015 - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 27 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 27
The incidence of cervical cancer in the Australian population is shown in the graph from 1985–2015. Public health campaigns commenced during this period to reduce th... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The incidence of cervical cancer in the Australian population is shown in the graph from 1985–2015 - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 27 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
Evaluate the success of the National Screening Program
Answer
The national screening program initiated in 1991 coincided with a significant reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer, decreasing to around half of the prior rate. This suggests that the screening program was effective in diagnosing pre-cancerous conditions early, thereby reducing the number of developed cases.
Step 2
Examine the HPV Vaccination Programs
Answer
The introduction of the HPV vaccine for girls in 2007 and for boys in 2013 further contributed to decreasing cervical cancer rates. Research indicates that reducing the prevalence of HPV within the general population leads to lower incidences of the virus that cause most cervical cancers.
Step 3
Consider the longevity of decreased incidence
Answer
Notably, the incidence of cervical cancer had been declining before the implementation of these programs, which indicates external factors might have influenced these trends as well. Therefore, while the evidence suggests a correlation, causation cannot be entirely established without more detailed studies.
Step 4
Conclude the effectiveness of these public health campaigns
Answer
In conclusion, public health initiatives involving both screening and vaccination appear to play pivotal roles in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. However, continued efforts and assessments are essential for maintaining these successes over longer periods, as external factors may also contribute.