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Outline three differences between rods and cones in the retina - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 29 - 2006 - Paper 1
Question 29
Outline three differences between rods and cones in the retina. Explain their role in human colour blindness. Describe the procedure used, and outline the results ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Outline three differences between rods and cones in the retina - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 29 - 2006 - Paper 1
Step 1
Outline three differences between rods and cones in the retina.
Answer
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Structure: Rods are cylindrical in shape, while cones are conical. This difference in shape affects their function in vision.
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Sensitivity to Light: Rods are highly sensitive to low light levels and enable night vision, whereas cones require brighter light and are responsible for color vision.
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Distribution: Rods are primarily located in the peripheral regions of the retina, while cones are concentrated in the fovea, the central part of the retina.
Step 2
Explain their role in human colour blindness.
Answer
Color blindness occurs when there is a deficiency or absence of specific cone types, affecting the perception of colors. For instance, individuals lacking red cones cannot distinguish red hues, leading to an inability to perceive certain colors accurately.
Step 3
Describe the procedure used, and outline the results obtained, when you modelled the process of accommodation.
Answer
To model accommodation, a procedure typically involves using a rubber band or a lens to simulate the ability of the eye to change focus. The model demonstrates how the ciliary muscles flex and contract to alter the shape of the lens, allowing the eye to focus on objects at varying distances.
The results indicate that as the eye adjusts, the focal length changes, illustrating how the lens becomes more spherical for near objects and flatter for far objects.
Step 4
State how using this model increases understanding of accommodation.
Answer
This model visually represents the changes occurring in the eye, making it easier to understand the mechanics of accommodation. It shows the dynamic nature of the lens adjustment and reinforces the concept that vision is not static but constantly adapting to our viewing conditions.
Step 5
Discuss how advances in hearing and vision technology have assisted people with difficulties in communication.
Answer
Advancements such as hearing aids amplify sound, making it possible for individuals with hearing loss to engage in conversations. Cochlear implants provide a sense of sound to those who are profoundly deaf. In vision technology, devices like text-to-speech software and screen readers help those with visual impairments access written information. These technologies enhance communication by breaking down barriers, allowing for more inclusive interactions.
Step 6
Step 7
Outline ONE piece of evidence that proof of the brain is functioning correctly when a human is affected by visual neglect.
Answer
One piece of evidence is the observation of the affected individual completing tasks that require visual attention to one side, indicating that the brain still processes information from the neglected side despite a lack of awareness.
Step 8
Explain the role of the brain in the coordination of animal behaviour.
Answer
The brain plays a crucial role in coordinating animal behavior by integrating sensory information and processing responses. It regulates motor functions, emotions, and cognitive processes, facilitating appropriate reactions to environmental stimuli, social interactions, and survival mechanisms.