A judge hears a case involving her brother's business - HSC - SSCE Legal Studies - Question 4 - 2008 - Paper 1

In this scenario, the judge is involved in a case that relates to her brother's business, which raises concerns about her ability to remain impartial. This situation exemplifies apparent bias because it creates the perception that the judge may not be able to make an unbiased decision due to her familial relationship with a party involved in the case. While actual bias refers to a situation where a judge is genuinely influenced by personal interests, apparent bias addresses the perception of bias, which can affect public confidence in the judicial system.