Explain both the risk factors and the protective factors of cardiovascular disease. - HSC - SSCE Personal Development and Physical Education - Question 22 - 2017 - Paper 1

Risk factors are behaviors or conditions that increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Key non-modifiable risk factors include age, family history, and gender, while modifiable factors encompass obesity, high blood pressure, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. For instance, males experience a higher risk than females due to lower protective estrogen levels.

Protective factors, on the other hand, can help lower the risk of CVD. Good nutrition, particularly a diet high in fiber and rich in fruits and vegetables, aids in reducing hypertension and plaque buildup in the arteries. Regular physical activity also enhances cardiovascular fitness, which contributes to a lower risk of developing CVD. Engaging in these healthy lifestyle choices can also serve as treatment strategies for those already diagnosed with CVD.