The physiological adaptation that is likely to occur from progressively overloading a strength-training program is an increase in (A) muscle hypertrophy - HSC - SSCE Personal Development and Physical Education - Question 5 - 2015 - Paper 1

While strength training can impact cardiovascular health, the primary adaptation from resistance training is typically not an increase in cardiac muscle capacity. This adaptation is more commonly associated with aerobic training.

Muscle contraction speed may vary with training, but it is not the primary adaptation from strength training. Changes in contraction speed are more often seen in specific types of strength training or explosive training.

The number of fast-twitch muscle fibers can be somewhat influenced by training, but significant increases in these fibers are not typically observed in response to strength training alone. The adaptation seen is more about the existing fibers becoming more effective.