Of the following, who would be most likely to modify their behaviour out of fear of transcendental judgement? (A) An atheist (B) An agnostic (C) A rational humanist (D) A scientific humanist - HSC - SSCE Studies of Religion - Question 20 - 2009 - Paper 1

To determine who among the provided options would be most likely to modify their behavior out of fear of transcendental judgment, we must analyze each option in terms of their views on transcendence and accountability.

1. Atheist: Generally, atheists do not believe in a deity or an afterlife that would impose judgment; thus, they are less likely to modify their behavior based on fear of transcendental consequences.

2. Agnostic: Agnostics maintain that the existence of a higher power is unknown or unknowable. While they might be open to the idea of judgment, it doesn't inherently compel them to alter their conduct out of fear since they do not align firmly with belief.

3. Rational Humanist: Rational humanists base their principles on reason and ethics rather than fear of judgment. They are less influenced by transcendental beliefs and prioritize human welfare and ethical considerations over divine accountability.

4. Scientific Humanist: Similar to rational humanists, scientific humanists place emphasis on empirical evidence and reason. They generally do not see transcendental judgment as a motivating factor for behavior.

In conclusion, the one group that might still embody some belief in transcendence, and hence the fear of a potential judgment, is the agnostic. Therefore, option (B) is the most likely answer.