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The helmeted honeyeater (Lichenostomus melanops cassidix) can be found in forest to the east of Melbourne - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 7 - 2023 - Paper 1
Question 7
The helmeted honeyeater (Lichenostomus melanops cassidix) can be found in forest to the east of Melbourne. There are only three small wild populations. The bird has ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The helmeted honeyeater (Lichenostomus melanops cassidix) can be found in forest to the east of Melbourne - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 7 - 2023 - Paper 1
Step 1
a. Explain how the genetic diversity of helmeted honeyeaters may change over time as a result of genetic drift.
Answer
Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that causes random changes in allele frequencies within a population, which is particularly significant in small and isolated populations like that of the helmeted honeyeater.
Initially, genetic diversity is rich, but over time, as certain alleles may become more prevalent or disappear entirely due to random chance, the genetic diversity can diminish. For instance, if a specific allele is lost from the population due to a random event, it may never be recovered, leading to a bottleneck effect. This loss of alleles can increase the risk of inbreeding, further reducing genetic diversity and potentially affecting the overall adaptability and survival of the species.
Step 2
b. How is genetic diversity within the wild populations being maintained?
Answer
Genetic diversity in the wild populations is maintained through the process of gene flow between the captive-bred and wild populations. By swapping eggs between these populations, Zoos Victoria facilitates the introduction of new genetic material into the wild, which can help to preserve and enhance the genetic variation among helmeted honeyeaters. This practice minimizes the risks associated with inbreeding and allows for a more resilient population that can better adapt to environmental changes.
Step 3
c. Define a consequence-based approach to bioethics and outline how this relates to the work by Zoos Victoria to prevent extinction of the helmeted honeyeater.
Answer
A consequence-based approach to bioethics focuses on evaluating the outcomes of actions to maximize positive effects while minimizing negative impacts. In the context of Zoos Victoria's work with the helmeted honeyeater, this approach involves assessing the benefits of captive breeding and the ethical implications of reintroducing birds into the wild.
Positive outcomes include the increase in the population size and genetic diversity of the species, contributing to its survival. Conversely, potential negative effects, such as the risk of releasing birds that are not well-adapted to wild conditions, are carefully weighed. By considering these factors, Zoos Victoria aims to effectively manage the delicate balance between conservation efforts and ethical responsibilities.