Which molecules are involved in a light-independent reaction? A - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 15 - 2023 - Paper 1

In light-independent reactions, commonly known as the Calvin Cycle, the primary molecules involved are carbon dioxide (CO₂), ATP, and NADPH.

1. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): This is the essential raw material that combines with ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) to form 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) during the carbon fixation phase.

2. ATP: This molecule provides the energy required for various enzymatic reactions in the Calvin Cycle, driving the conversion of 3-PGA into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).

3. NADPH: This is a reducing agent that provides the necessary electrons for the conversion of 3-PGA into G3P, thus facilitating the synthesis of glucose and other carbohydrates.