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Cell A and cell B represent two types of cells found in complex multicellular animals - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 6 - 2005 - Paper 1
Question 6
Cell A and cell B represent two types of cells found in complex multicellular animals. Cell A is a nerve cell (neuron). Cell B is an endocrine cell. The diagram belo... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Cell A and cell B represent two types of cells found in complex multicellular animals - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 6 - 2005 - Paper 1
Step 1
Describe the means by which chemical M reaches cell X.
Answer
Chemical M reaches cell X through synaptic transmission. In this process, chemical M is released from cell A (the nerve cell) into the synaptic cleft, which is the small space between the nerve terminal and the target cell (cell X). The chemical binds to specific receptors on cell X's membrane, allowing it to exert its effects.
Step 2
Describe the means by which chemical N reaches cell Y.
Answer
Chemical N reaches cell Y through the bloodstream. It is secreted by cell B (the endocrine cell) and travels through the circulatory system until it reaches its target, cell Y. Once it arrives, chemical N binds to specific receptors on cell Y, thereby initiating the desired physiological response.
Step 3
Step 4
Describe one characteristic of the system you chose in part c. i. that is significant in making the difference in response time.
Answer
A significant characteristic of the nervous system is its reliance on electrical signals. This allows for rapid transmission of messages compared to the slower chemical signaling in the endocrine system, where hormones must be released into the bloodstream and travel to target cells.
Step 5
Explain how each type of endocrine cell influences the functioning of only specific cell types within the body.
Answer
Endocrine cells produce specific hormones that target particular cells equipped with the corresponding receptors. For instance, pancreatic endocrine cells secrete insulin, which specifically affects muscle and fat cells by promoting glucose uptake. This specificity ensures that the effects of hormones are localized and relevant to the functions of the target cells.
Step 6
Suggest a reason for this decrease in responsiveness.
Answer
A reason for decreased responsiveness to a hormone could be receptor downregulation. Over time, with continuous exposure to high hormone levels, the number of receptors on the target cell may decrease, leading to a reduced sensitivity and response to the hormone.