The founder effect and bottleneck are examples of A - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 16 - 2006 - Paper 1

The founder effect and bottleneck are types of genetic drift, which occurs when a small number of individuals establish a new population. In the founder effect, a small group becomes isolated from a larger population, leading to a loss of genetic variation. In contrast, a bottleneck effect occurs when a significant portion of a population is removed, drastically reducing genetic diversity. Both phenomena illustrate how genetic drift can influence the gene pool and evolutionary trajectory of a population.