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Examine the skeletal structures - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 11 - 2013 - Paper 1
Question 11
Examine the skeletal structures. For each of the features listed in the table below, describe the difference between the two species and state the significance of th... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Examine the skeletal structures - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 11 - 2013 - Paper 1
Step 1
pelvic structure
Answer
The pelvic structure of Australopithecus africanus features a wider pelvic girdle compared to that of Homo neanderthalensis. This difference allows Australopithecus to have a more stable base, but it also affects bipedalism.
The significance of this difference is that a wider pelvis supports a different center of gravity, which makes it harder for Australopithecus to walk upright effectively.
Step 2
arm to leg length ratio
Answer
The arm to leg length ratio is longer in Australopithecus africanus compared to Homo neanderthalensis. This physiological trait suggests a more arboreal lifestyle.
The significance of this difference lies in its implication for locomotion; a longer arm length in Australopithecus provides evidence for the adaptation to knuckle walking, which can facilitate climbing and swinging through trees.