As a result of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis, charged (energy) carriers are produced - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 3 - 2009 - Paper 1

Another limiting factor for photosynthesis is carbon dioxide.

The purpose of additional photosynthetic pigments, such as carotene and chlorophyll b, is to absorb different wavelengths of light. This allows the plant to capture more light energy for photosynthesis, thus increasing efficiency.

Species X likely belongs to the group of trees that shed their leaves in winter. This can be inferred from the observation of pigment bands and the seasonal changes depicted in the images, indicating a strategy to conserve resources during colder months.