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Carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be produced from the reaction of methane with steam according to the equation $$\mathrm{CH_4(g) + H_2O(g) \rightleftharpoons CO(g) + 3H_2(g); \Delta H = +206\; kJ\; mol^{-1}$$ Some methane and steam are placed in a closed container and allowed to react at a fixed temperature - VCE - SSCE Chemistry - Question 1 - 2007 - Paper 1
Question 1
Carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be produced from the reaction of methane with steam according to the equation $$\mathrm{CH_4(g) + H_2O(g) \rightleftharpoons CO(g) ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be produced from the reaction of methane with steam according to the equation $$\mathrm{CH_4(g) + H_2O(g) \rightleftharpoons CO(g) + 3H_2(g); \Delta H = +206\; kJ\; mol^{-1}$$ Some methane and steam are placed in a closed container and allowed to react at a fixed temperature - VCE - SSCE Chemistry - Question 1 - 2007 - Paper 1
Step 1
a. i. On the graph above, draw a line to show the change in concentration of hydrogen gas as the reaction progresses. Label this line.
Answer
To represent the change in concentration of hydrogen gas over time, draw a line that starts from zero and increases, reflecting that hydrogen is produced as the reaction progresses. Label this line as 'H₂(g)'.
Step 2
a. ii. On the graph above, draw a line to show the formation of carbon monoxide would differ over time in the presence of a catalyst. Label this line.
Answer
Draw a line for the formation of carbon monoxide that rises more steeply than the line without a catalyst. This indicates that the presence of a catalyst increases the rate of reaction. Label this line as 'CO(g) with catalyst'.
Step 3
b. What does the above information indicate about the magnitude of the equilibrium constant K₁ compared with the magnitude of the equilibrium constant K₂?
Answer
The information indicates that the equilibrium constant K₁, which represents the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin, is larger than K₂. This suggests that at equilibrium, there is a greater concentration of oxyhemoglobin compared to carbon monoxide-haemoglobin, indicating that hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than for carbon monoxide.
Step 4
c. Indicate whether the following statements about the collision theory model are true or false.
Answer
The statements can be evaluated as follows:
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i. Endothermic reactions are always slower than exothermic reactions. - False: Reaction speed depends on various factors, including activation energy.
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ii. All particles have the same kinetic energy at a fixed temperature. - False: Particles possess a range of kinetic energies due to the distribution of speeds.
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iii. Reactant particles collide with each other in order to react. - True: Collisions are essential for reactions to occur.
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iv. The rate of reaction at a constant temperature increases when the concentration of reactants increases. - True: Higher concentrations lead to more frequent collisions, increasing the reaction rate.
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v. The activation energy increases the fraction of collisions with energy. - False: Activation energy sets the minimum energy level required for a reaction, not the fraction.