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Using Table 1, what can you conclude about the effectiveness of furosemide and CVT in the removal of excess fluid from the body? Furosemide is sometimes used to treat high blood pressure - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 5 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 5
Using Table 1, what can you conclude about the effectiveness of furosemide and CVT in the removal of excess fluid from the body? Furosemide is sometimes used to tre... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Using Table 1, what can you conclude about the effectiveness of furosemide and CVT in the removal of excess fluid from the body? Furosemide is sometimes used to treat high blood pressure - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 5 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Using Table 1, what can you conclude about the effectiveness of furosemide and CVT in the removal of excess fluid from the body?
Answer
Furosemide and CVT have been shown to be more effective than the placebo in removing excess fluid from the body. The significant difference in the values, as seen in Table 1, indicates that furosemide has a greater impact on the volume of urine produced, leading to greater fluid removal.
Step 2
Suggest how furosemide would cause a decrease in blood pressure.
Answer
Furosemide causes a decrease in blood pressure primarily by reducing blood volume. By inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys, furosemide leads to increased urine output and hence a lower volume of blood returning to the heart, which in turn reduces blood pressure.
Step 3
Explain how furosemide causes an increase in the volume of urine produced.
Answer
Furosemide inhibits the absorption of sodium and chloride ions in the nephron, particularly in the loop of Henle, preventing these ions from being reabsorbed into the bloodstream. This results in an increase in osmotic pressure within the filtrate, allowing more water to remain in the filtrate. Consequently, this leads to an increased volume of urine as water follows the sodium and chloride ions due to osmosis.
Step 4
How much greater is the flow of blood into the kidneys with furosemide than with group C (placebo) over the 4 hours of the investigation? Give your answer in cm³.
Answer
To calculate the difference in blood flow into the kidneys with furosemide compared to group C, take the total blood flow rate for group C over 4 hours and compare it with that of the furosemide group. Assuming the mean flow rates are known, the calculation would be:
Total Blood Flow for Furosemide - Total Blood Flow for Group C = Difference in Kidney Blood Flow.
For example, if the flows are represented as X (furosemide) and Y (placebo), the answer would be:
The flow difference = X - Y cm³.