Describe the role of glucagon in gluconeogenesis - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 5 - 2019 - Paper 1

Glucagon plays a crucial role in gluconeogenesis, which is the metabolic process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. It binds to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, primarily in the liver. This binding activates signaling pathways that stimulate various enzymes crucial for gluconeogenesis. Through this mechanism, glucagon increases the conversion of amino acids and glycerol into glucose, thus raising the blood glucose levels when they are low. Additionally, glucagon helps to inhibit glycolysis, ensuring that glucose production is prioritized over its breakdown, especially during fasting or strenuous exercise.