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Describe the structure and function of the nucleus. - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 1
Describe the structure and function of the nucleus.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Describe the structure and function of the nucleus. - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
Structure of the Nucleus
Answer
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle characterized by the nuclear envelope, which consists of two lipid bilayers and contains nuclear pores that regulate the transport of molecules in and out of the nucleus. Inside the nucleus, chromatin, which is composed of DNA and proteins (histones), is present. During cell division, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes. Additionally, the nucleolus is a notable structure within the nucleus, playing a role in ribosome production.
Step 2
Function of the Nucleus
Answer
The nucleus holds and stores genetic information, serving as the control center for cellular activities. It is responsible for the production of mRNA through transcription, which is essential for protein synthesis. The nucleus also oversees DNA replication, ensuring genetic material is accurately passed on during cell division. Furthermore, it manages gene expression by regulating which genes are transcribed into RNA.