The importance of the control of movement in cells and organisms - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 7 - 2018 - Paper 3

Movement is a fundamental characteristic of both cells and organisms. It allows for various functions essential for survival and adaptation.

1. Cell Movement:

   • Cells exhibit various forms of movement, crucial for functions such as immune responses and tissue repair. For example, white blood cells move toward infection sites through chemotaxis.
   • Cellular motility involves processes like amoeboid movement, ciliary action, and flagellar motion, using structures such as microtubules and motor proteins.

2. Movement in Organisms:

   • In multicellular organisms, coordinated movement is vital for activities like locomotion, feeding, and reproduction.
   • The nervous and muscular systems work in tandem to facilitate movement, employing signals that ensure organisms respond to their environment effectively.

3. Cell-Cell Interaction:

   • Movement also plays a role in how cells interact with each other, which is essential for development and immune function.
   • Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a crucial component, influencing cellular migration and tissue formation.

4. Response to Environment:

   • Movement enables organisms to escape from predators and seek out resources, reflecting a direct link between movement and survival.
   • Additionally, plants exhibit movement in response to light and gravity, known as tropisms, ensuring optimal growth conditions.

In summary, the control of movement is essential in both cells and organisms as it supports various biological functions and adaptations necessary for survival.