1. Give the IUPAC name for CH₃(OH)CH(CH₃)CH₂Br - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2

The halogenoalkane, in this case CH₃(OH)CH(CH₃)CH₂Br, is attacked by the nucleophile due to the following reasons:

1. Electronegativity: Bromine is more electronegative than carbon, which leads to a partial positive charge on the carbon atom attached to bromine. This makes the carbon more susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

2. Nucleophilicity: The nucleophile has a lone pair of electrons that can be donated to the partially positive carbon, facilitating the substitution reaction.

3. Mechanism: The nucleophile approaches the carbon atom, resulting in the displacement of bromine, thus forming a new bond.

The displayed structure of Compound Y (C₂H₄O₂) is:

   H   O
    \ / 
     C = C
    / \ 
   H   H

This illustrates the double bond between the two carbon atoms and the attached functional group.

The structure of Compound Z (C₃H₅N₁O) is:

   H   H    O
    \ / \   ||
     C - C - C
    / 
   H   N

To suggest the reagent for Reaction 3, one could suggest KCN or HCN, as these are common reagents for nucleophilic addition reactions.