Using Figure 6 and your own knowledge, assess the role of vegetation in the development of this landscape - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 1

Vegetation plays a crucial role in the development and stabilization of coastal dunes. It helps to anchor the sand with its root system, reducing erosion caused by wind and wave action. In Figure 6, the presence of vegetation is vital because:

1. Structural Support: Vegetation, particularly species adapted to coastal environments, grows in the sandy substrate and stabilizes the dunes. This results from the roots binding the sand together. Without this, the sand would be more prone to displacement by winds, which can lead to further erosion.

2. Nutrient Cycling: The decay of organic material from the vegetation enriches the soil, making it more suitable for further plant growth. This enhances the ability to support a variety of species, thereby contributing to biodiversity.

3. Water Retention: Vegetation also helps to retain water in the soil, essential for sustaining plant growth, especially in the sandy areas depicted in Figure 6. Dune vegetation can tap into groundwater and help stabilize the environment for itself and other species.

4. Wind Barrier: The foliage of plants acts as a barrier against the wind, further preventing the erosion of sand and maintaining the structure of the dunes.

In summary, the vegetation in Figure 6 provides critical ecological functions essential for the long-term stability and growth of the dune landscape.