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With reference to a coastal environment at a local scale, assess the predicted impact of climate change upon the landscape - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 3
With reference to a coastal environment at a local scale, assess the predicted impact of climate change upon the landscape. [20 marks]
Worked Solution & Example Answer:With reference to a coastal environment at a local scale, assess the predicted impact of climate change upon the landscape - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
Introduction to Coastal Environments
Answer
Coastal environments are dynamic regions where land meets the sea, significantly influenced by both natural and human activities. In this assessment, we will focus on a specific coastal area: Great Yarmouth, located on the east coast of England. This region serves as a prime example of how climate change is expected to impact coastal landscapes.
Step 2
Predicted Climate Change Impacts
Answer
The predicted impact of climate change on Great Yarmouth can be categorized into several key areas:
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Rising Sea Levels: One of the most immediate threats is the increase in sea levels due to thermal expansion of water and melting ice. This could lead to coastal flooding, particularly during storm surges.
- Evidence: Historical data indicates significant sea level rise over the last century, with projections suggesting an increase of 0.5 to 1 meter by 2100.
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Erosion of Coastal Land: Increased wave energy and higher sea levels may enhance erosion rates along the Great Yarmouth shoreline, affecting infrastructure, homes, and ecosystems.
- Examples: The loss of beach areas and the potential for cliffs to collapse.
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Extreme Weather Events: Climate change is associated with more frequent and severe weather patterns, including storms and heavy rainfall, which can exacerbate flooding and erosion.
- Impact: Communities may experience increased disruptions and economic losses due to damage and evacuation.
Step 3
Human Responses and Adaptation Strategies
Answer
In response to these challenges, various management strategies are being implemented:
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Coastal Defence Measures: Initiatives like sea walls, groynes, and beach nourishment are important for protecting the coastline against erosion and flooding.
- Case Study: Great Yarmouth has seen improvements, with a focus on building defenses that can withstand expected future conditions.
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Environmental Policies: Sustainable management practices are being encouraged to maintain coastal ecosystems while providing protection against climate threats.
- Examples: Integration of environmental assessments in planning and funding for adaptation projects.
Step 4
Conclusion and Evaluation
Answer
In conclusion, the impacts of climate change on coastal environments like Great Yarmouth are multifaceted, affecting both the physical landscape and human settlement. The combination of rising sea levels, increased erosion, and extreme weather events presents significant challenges. However, through effective adaptation strategies and sustainable management practices, communities can mitigate some of these impacts. It is crucial to continue monitoring these changes and enhancing resilience to ensure the long-term sustainability of coastal areas.