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Outline the role of cold ocean currents as a cause of aridity - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 2 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 2
Outline the role of cold ocean currents as a cause of aridity. [4 marks]
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Outline the role of cold ocean currents as a cause of aridity - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 2 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
Where a cold ocean current meets a coastline this is more likely to result in arid conditions
Answer
When cold ocean currents, such as the Humboldt Current, flow along coastlines, they significantly influence the local climate. The cooler air above the cold current reduces evaporation and limits moisture availability. This leads to lower levels of humidity, which are crucial for precipitation. Consequently, coastal regions downwind of these currents experience aridity.
Step 2
Condensation occurring leading to precipitation
Answer
As the cooler air interacts with the warmer air from the land, condensation can occur, leading to the formation of clouds. However, in the case of cold ocean currents, the lack of warm air can inhibit this process, causing a reduction in precipitation. As a result, environments become drier, contributing to arid conditions.
Step 3
Role of temperature inversion
Answer
The interaction of cold currents with land also creates temperature inversions. When warmer air traps cooler air near the surface, it prevents moisture from rising and forming clouds. This stalled condition exacerbates dryness and contributes to an arid environment.
Step 4
Examples of areas affected by cold ocean currents
Answer
Regions such as the Atacama Desert in South America exemplify the impact of cold ocean currents. The cold Humboldt Current offshore directly contributes to the desert's extreme dryness, demonstrating the role of ocean currents in creating arid conditions.