Outline the process of succession in a lithosphere. - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 6 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 6
Outline the process of succession in a lithosphere.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Outline the process of succession in a lithosphere. - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 6 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
The first stage of succession is characterised by pioneer species.
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The process begins with pioneer species such as moss and lichen colonizing bare rock. These species are able to thrive in harsh conditions where no soil is present, and they contribute to the initial formation of soil by breaking down the rock and retaining moisture.
Step 2
Once the pioneers have colonised, decay eventually occurs.
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Dead organic matter from the pioneer species provides nutrients for the developing ecosystem. Weathered rock creates the necessary materials for soil to start forming, enabling more complex plant life to establish.
Step 3
The soil is then colonised by species which can outcompete the moss and lichen.
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These new species, including grasses and herbs, are better adapted to the improved conditions and take advantage of the increasing nutrient availability.
Step 4
Climatic climax occurs.
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Eventually, the ecosystem may reach a climax community where larger plant species can grow, leading to a stable environment that can dominate the area. In this final stage, animals such as birds and decomposers thrive, creating a diverse and balanced ecosystem.
