Analyse the data shown in Figure 7 - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 4 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 4
Analyse the data shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7 shows the mean mass balance and cumulative mass balance for selected glaciers around the world.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Analyse the data shown in Figure 7 - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 4 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
Pre-1970 Analysis
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Answer
Prior to 1970, there were only two years when the mean specific mass balance exceeded zero. This indicates that glaciers were either slightly stable or gaining mass in those years. For all other years, the mean mass balance remaining below zero suggests that glaciers have been losing mass.
Step 2
Post-1970 Trends
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Since 1970, the data shows a consistent downward trend in the mean mass balance. The graph indicates that glaciers are experiencing an accelerating negative balance over the years, highlighting the significance of climate change impacts.
Step 3
Significant Anomalies
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In particular, the year 1987 shows a significant anomaly. During this year, the mass balance for selected glaciers peaked at around 500 mm, a notable increase compared to surrounding years. This points to possible temporary climate variations or precipitation events.
Step 4
Recent Recovery Period?
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While there was a slight period of recovery observed between 2006 and 2009, the overall trend remains negative as shown by the cumulative mass balance continuing to decline. The data suggests that potential recovery is limited and not sustained.
Step 5
Overall Cumulative Effect
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The cumulative mass balance relative to 1970 indicates that there has been a substantial loss, reinforcing concerns over glacier retreat. By 2017, glaciers are shown to be losing mass at alarming rates, effectively highlighting the urgency of addressing climate change.
Step 6
Variability of Glaciers
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Lastly, it is important to note the variability among the selected glaciers, with their mass balance ranging from approximately -40 mm to over -250 mm. This variation suggests differing local environmental conditions affecting glacier health.
