Using Figure 6 and your own knowledge, assess the importance of physical factors in affecting urban form - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2020 - Paper 2

To assess the importance of physical factors affecting urban form in Plymouth, we can examine both the map extract in Figure 6 and consider additional knowledge related to urban geography.

Influence of Geographic Location

Plymouth's urban form is significantly affected by its geographical position along the coast. The city's layout is influenced by natural features such as its harbor and access to marine transport. The coastline shapes urban development as areas adjacent to water are often more desirable for residential and commercial activities.

Topography

The topography of Plymouth, as indicated in the map, shows varying relief. The north-eastern areas with high elevations could restrict building construction, as construction in areas of significant height or relief tends to be more challenging. Conversely, the relatively flat areas closer to the harbor are more suited for urban development.

Historical Development

History plays a crucial role in shaping urban form. Areas concentrated with historical significance, such as the area around the harbor, influence land use. The presence of older structures affects urban density; older parts of the city may restrict the expansion of newer buildings which contributes to a diverse urban landscape.

Planning Policies

Planning policies also affect urban growth in Plymouth. The presence of designated conservation areas and restrictions on building heights can limit further expansion of the city's urban area. Such policies ensure preservation but may also restrict economic development.

Traffic and Accessibility

In terms of access, main transportation routes, as shown in Figure 6, direct urban growth patterns. Areas with good accessibility are likely to see denser development, affecting zoning laws and residential distribution.

Conclusion

Overall, physical factors including geographic positioning, topographical features, historical developments, planning policies, and transportation accessibility play a pivotal role in shaping the urban form of Plymouth. Each of these characteristics interacts to create a unique urban landscape that reflects both historical and contemporary influences.