How far do you agree that new urban landscapes such as fortress developments, heritage quarters and edge cities have intensified issues associated with economic inequality and social segregation? [20 marks] - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2022 - Paper 2

The extent to which these new urban landscapes exacerbate economic inequality and social segregation can be illustrated through various examples. For instance, fortress developments often include security measures and physical barriers that segregate communities based on income levels. In places like South Central Los Angeles, these designs may alienate lower-income populations, making them feel unwelcome in areas with higher amenities. A critical analysis of heritage quarters shows that while they may celebrate cultural history, the socioeconomic implications can create paradoxical effects, limiting access for those unable to afford rising living costs. In contrast, edge cities can create job opportunities, yet they often lack affordable housing, worsening social stratification.