Complete Figure 1c and analyse the temperature variations shown in Figures 1a, 1b and 1c - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 1 - 2018 - Paper 2

Next, we determine the lower quartile (LQ) using the same count:

$LQ = \frac{3(n + 1)}{4} = \frac{3(11 + 1)}{4} = \frac{36}{4} = 9 \text{th position}$

The temperature for this position is -10.4 °C.

With both the UQ and LQ calculated, the inter-quartile range (IQR) can be found using:

$IQR = UQ - LQ = -4.7 °C - (-10.4 °C) = (-4.7 + 10.4) °C = 5.7 °C$. Therefore, the IQR is 5.7 °C.

The analysis of temperature variations from 1950 to 2016 indicates significant fluctuations in mean July temperatures, particularly when comparing the highs and lows shown in Figures 1a and 1b. For instance, the lowest temperature recorded was -8.2 °C in 1959, while the highest, -1.2 °C, occurred in 1989. This showcases a degree of variance in climate.

Overall, the variation in July temperatures across the years exhibits an overall range of 12.6 °C while highlighting a 7.1 °C fluctuation post-outlier removal. It can be noted that there is also a trend indicating a rising average since 2000, possibly influenced by environmental changes, with the two warmest years being recorded in 1976 and 1980.