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To what extent do you agree that urban drainage presents more opportunities than challenges in developing more sustainable cities? - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2020 - Paper 2
Question 3
To what extent do you agree that urban drainage presents more opportunities than challenges in developing more sustainable cities?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent do you agree that urban drainage presents more opportunities than challenges in developing more sustainable cities? - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2020 - Paper 2
Step 1
Knowledge and understanding of urban drainage
Answer
Urban drainage systems encompass the processes and infrastructures involved in managing water flow in urban areas. This includes understanding stormwater runoff characteristics, the hydrological cycle, and the potential for flooding. In urban environments, drainage must address unique challenges compared to rural areas, including increased impervious surfaces leading to rapid runoff. Knowledge about these differences is essential in developing effective solutions.
Step 2
Challenges of urban drainage
Answer
One of the main challenges is the risk of flooding, exacerbated by climate change and increased urbanization. Inadequate drainage can lead to significant economic losses and environmental impacts, such as water pollution from combined sewer overflows. Understanding these issues is crucial when evaluating the effectiveness of drainage systems and their design. Additionally, improper management can lead to social challenges, particularly in marginalized communities.
Step 3
Opportunities provided by urban drainage
Answer
Despite the challenges, urban drainage systems can present opportunities for enhancing sustainability. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) encourages the use of green infrastructure, such as permeable pavements and bioswales, which can manage runoff and improve water quality while also enhancing urban aesthetics. Furthermore, initiatives like river restoration can provide recreational spaces, improve biodiversity, and increase resilience to climate extremes. Such strategies can ultimately promote social well-being and environmental quality.
Step 4
Case study analysis
Answer
Taking a closer look at cities such as Freiburg and Copenhagen showcases how effective urban drainage management can lead to sustainable development. Freiburg's commitment to sustainable drainage and green spaces has enhanced biodiversity and public health. Similarly, Copenhagen's 'Cloudburst Management Plan' employs a combination of traditional and green infrastructure to manage heavy rainfall, demonstrating a proactive approach that not only addresses immediate drainage issues but also integrates urban livability.
Step 5
Conclusion on balance of opportunities and challenges
Answer
In conclusion, while urban drainage poses substantial challenges that must be managed thoughtfully, it also presents considerable opportunities for innovation, sustainability, and community betterment. Urban planners and policymakers must be equipped with the knowledge and understanding of both challenges and opportunities to effectively integrate urban drainage strategies into sustainable urban development.