To what extent do you agree that the impact of volcanic activity can be mitigated against more effectively than tropical storms? [9 marks] - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 5 - 2019 - Paper 1

Volcanic activity can be mitigated through various strategies including risk management, preparedness, and adaptation. The predictability of volcanic eruptions can sometimes be enhanced through monitoring systems, allowing for timely evacuations. Geographic information systems (GIS) and geological surveys help in assessing areas at risk. Key responses include:

• Preparedness: Communities can establish volcano response plans through drills and public education.
• Mitigation Measures: Infrastructure can be designed to withstand pyroclastic flows and ash fallout. Zoning laws can restrict development in high-risk areas.

Conversely, tropical storms are more predictable in terms of their progression, making the implementation of preparedness strategies more effective. Evacuations can be effectively planned given advanced warnings. Mitigation measures often include:

• Risk Management: Improved forecasting technology allows for earlier warnings.
• Infrastructure: Coastal defenses such as levees can significantly reduce flooding risks. However, the socio-economic impacts can be devastating, leading to long-term recovery challenges.

While both hazards have effective mitigation strategies, tropical storms offer better predictability, allowing for proactive responses. The economic and social impacts of tropical storms often lead to more immediate and sustained adaptations in vulnerable areas, whereas volcanic impacts, although less frequent, can be catastrophic if they occur without warning.

In conclusion, while both volcanic activity and tropical storms can be mitigated, the effectiveness of these measures varies. Tropical storms are generally more predictable and allow for timely evacuation and risk management strategies. Therefore, I agree that the impact of volcanic activity can be managed, but the mitigation of tropical storms is typically more effective due to better predictability and established response frameworks.