Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, assess the challenges associated with reducing greenhouse gas emissions - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 1 - 2018 - Paper 1

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions presents numerous challenges, particularly as displayed in Figure 2, which highlights the disparities among the top ten greenhouse gas emitters.

Changes in the Carbon Cycle

One prominent challenge stems from changes in the carbon cycle over time, influenced by human activities such as deforestation, fossil fuel combustion, and changes in land use. These activities lead to increased carbon transfers into the atmosphere, necessitating a reevaluation of current practices to mitigate their impact.

Disparities Between Countries

The figure indicates that countries like China and the USA are among the highest emitters, yet they carry differing responsibilities and capabilities in addressing emissions. For instance, while developed countries generally have the resources and technology to implement cleaner practices, emerging economies face developmental pressures that complicate such transitions. The agreement under the Paris Accord emphasizes a need for cooperation, yet achieving consensus on commitments can be difficult due to varying national interests.

Economic Understanding

Moreover, economic development is intertwined with emissions, as seen with developing nations that often prioritize growth over stringent environmental regulations. This creates tension between striving for a sustainable future and fulfilling immediate economic needs.

Political Will and Cooperation

Lastly, political will plays a vital role. Countries may sign agreements like the Paris Accord, but enforcing and adhering to commitments remains a significant hurdle. Domestic politics can hinder compliance, and nations with substantial emissions may resist transitioning to lower production costs and retaining global competitiveness. This is clearly illustrated by the USA's fluctuating stance on international climate agreements.

In conclusion, overcoming these challenges requires not only technological innovation and investments in sustainable practices but also international collaboration and a shared commitment towards achieving the goals set forth in global agreements.