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Figure 8 shows island A, a fully developed island off the mainland coast - AQA - A-Level Physics - Question 5 - 2022 - Paper 8
Question 5
Figure 8 shows island A, a fully developed island off the mainland coast. The island is connected to the mainland by a fibre optic cable lying along the seabed and i... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 8 shows island A, a fully developed island off the mainland coast - AQA - A-Level Physics - Question 5 - 2022 - Paper 8
Step 1
Outline the way each communications system operates
Answer
Fibre Optic Cabling
Fibre optic cabling works by transmitting data through light. The light travels through the core of the optical fibre via total internal reflection (TIR). This system allows for high-speed data transmission with minimal signal loss over long distances. The key components include:
- Transmitter: Converts electrical signals into light signals.
- Fibre optic cable: Carries the light signals.
- Receiver: Converts light signals back into electrical signals.
Satellite Communication
Satellite communication operates by transmitting signals from a ground station to a satellite in orbit, which then relays the signals to another ground station. The typically used frequency range is 12 to 18 GHz. Its main components are:
- Earth Station: Sends and receives signals.
- Satellite: Acts as a relay to transmit and receive signals.
- Uplink and Downlink: Pathways for sending and receiving signals between the Earth station and the satellite.
Step 2
Suggest, with reasons, your choice of system for each solution
Answer
For Island B
For island B, I would recommend using fibre optic cabling. Given that it offers high-speed connectivity and is cost-effective, once installed, it can support the ongoing needs of the holiday resort including internet access, security systems, and other digital services. Its ease of maintenance and reliability make it a suitable choice for a developing area.
For Oil Rig C
For oil rig C, satellite communication would be ideal. The rig is likely to be in a remote location without immediate access to infrastructures like cables. Satellite communication allows for real-time data transmission regardless of location, making it suitable for exploration activities. Additionally, satellites can provide coverage over vast areas, which is essential for operations that require constant communication in rugged environments.