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Alexei wanted to investigate whether being in day care influenced how much children would share their toys - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 11 - 2022 - Paper 2
Question 11
Alexei wanted to investigate whether being in day care influenced how much children would share their toys. He used an opportunity sampling technique to recruit chil... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Alexei wanted to investigate whether being in day care influenced how much children would share their toys - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 11 - 2022 - Paper 2
Step 1
Explain one strength and one weakness of the sampling technique used by Alexei in his observation about sharing toys.
Answer
Strength: Alexei used an opportunity sample, which allowed him to quickly gather participants for his observation on children sharing toys. This method is efficient, as the children were readily available from families he knew.
Weakness: However, the participants may not be representative of the wider population since they are from a specific area and may share toys differently based on their upbringing or social context. This could affect the validity of his findings.
Step 2
Calculate the mean number of times toys were shared by children in condition A.
Answer
To calculate the mean, we sum the number of times toys were shared by children in condition A and divide by the number of participants.
Sum = 3 + 6 + 2 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 24
Number of participants = 6
Mean = ( \frac{24}{6} = 4 )
Step 3
Calculate the median number of times toys were shared by children in condition B.
Answer
To find the median, we first arrange the number of times toys were shared in condition B in ascending order: 5, 6, 7, 9, 9, 10.
Since there are an even number of data points (6), the median is the average of the 3rd and 4th values.
Median = ( \frac{7 + 9}{2} = 8 )
Step 4
Determine whether Alexei’s results were significant or not at p ≤ 0.05 for a two-tailed (non-directional) hypothesis.
Answer
Alexei calculated an observed value of 4.5 with a critical value of 5 for the Mann-Whitney U test. Since 4.5 is less than the critical value, we conclude that there is a significant difference in sharing toys between the two groups.
Step 5
Explain one improvement that Alexei could make to his investigation.
Answer
Alexei could improve his investigation by using a larger and more diverse sample. For instance, he could observe children in day care and also recruit children from various socioeconomic backgrounds. This would make his sample more representative and potentially yield more generalizable results.