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Assess the extent to which psychology could be considered a science. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 6 - 2017 - Paper 3
Question 6
Assess the extent to which psychology could be considered a science.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Assess the extent to which psychology could be considered a science. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 6 - 2017 - Paper 3
Step 1
Introduction to Psychology as a Science
Answer
Psychology is often debated as a science, primarily due to its methodologies, objectivity, and theoretical foundations. To assess to what extent psychology can be considered a science, we must evaluate its reliance on empirical evidence, use of scientific methods, and ethical considerations in research.
Step 2
Scientific Method in Psychology
Answer
Psychology employs the scientific method, utilizing hypothesis formation, experimentation, and observation to gather data. For instance, experiments in behaviorism, such as Pavlov's classical conditioning with dogs, illustrate how psychological constructs can be tested systematically. This aligns with scientific principles, supporting the view of psychology as a science.
Step 3
Ethical Considerations
Answer
However, ethical considerations raise concerns about the classification of psychology as a science. The use of animals in research, as regulated by the Scientific Procedures Act (1986), raises questions about ethical treatment and the justification of benefits versus harm. This ethical dimension complicates the scientific nature of certain psychological studies.
Step 4
Practical Applications and Limitations
Answer
Psychology's practical applications, like drug development and therapeutic interventions, add to its credibility as a science. For example, drugs developed from animal studies (like insulin for diabetes) show tangible benefits. Yet, differences in results between humans and animals can lead to validity issues, suggesting psychology may not fully meet scientific rigor.
Step 5
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, psychology exhibits many scientific characteristics, including structured methodologies and empirical research. However, ethical dilemmas and practical limitations create complexities in categorizing it as a pure science. Ultimately, while psychology holds scientific elements, its classification may vary based on specific contexts and interpretations.