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In your studies of social psychology, you will have learned about prejudice - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 1 - 2021 - Paper 1
Question 1
In your studies of social psychology, you will have learned about prejudice. (a) Using an example, describe what is meant by 'prejudice'. (b) Explain one way that ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:In your studies of social psychology, you will have learned about prejudice - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 1 - 2021 - Paper 1
Step 1
Using an example, describe what is meant by 'prejudice'.
Answer
Prejudice is defined as a preconceived opinion or judgment about an individual or group that is often based on stereotypes. For example, one might hold a prejudice that a woman should be responsible for domestic tasks at home. This reflects an assumption that reinforces traditional gender roles, illustrating how prejudice can manifest in everyday beliefs.
Step 2
Explain one way that individual differences in personality could affect prejudice.
Answer
An individual with an authoritarian personality may exhibit higher levels of prejudice. This type of person is more likely to categorize others as 'us' versus 'them'. For instance, research by Adorno et al. (1950) suggests that individuals with such a personality may develop a tendency to show hostility towards out-groups, viewing them as inferior.
Step 3
Explain one way that culture could affect prejudice.
Answer
Cultural differences significantly influence perceptions of in-group and out-group dynamics. For example, in cultures that emphasize collectivism, such as among Saudis, there may be a heightened sense of loyalty to one's group, which can lead to prejudiced views about those not within that group. Studies, like those by Al-Zahrani and Kaplowitz (1993), show that individuals from collectivist societies may demonstrate out-group derogation, perceiving those outside their cultural group as lesser.