Peter is 17 years old and has just been diagnosed with alcohol addiction - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 17 - 2021 - Paper 2

Peter's development and environment have significantly influenced his alcohol addiction. From a young age, children often observe and imitate behaviors from role models, particularly their parents. Since Peter saw his mother drinking throughout his childhood, he may have internalized this behavior as a norm, leading him to imitate her actions.

Additionally, social identity theory suggests that people identify with groups that reflect their norms and values. In Peter's case, by associating with a group of friends who also engage in drinking, he reinforces his drinking behavior in order to fit in and be accepted. This desire to belong can create a strong motivation to continue consuming alcohol, as it aligns with his social group.

Reinforcement also plays a role; behaviors that are positively reinforced are more likely to be repeated. Peter experiences increased confidence in social situations when consuming alcohol, which serves as a reward for his behavior. Consequently, he may feel compelled to drink at every party to achieve that same confidence boost.

Lastly, through classical conditioning, any positive feelings associated with alcohol can develop into a conditioned response. Peter may now feel that to experience social ease, he must consume alcohol before engaging in social activities. Over time, this pattern can lead to increased dependence, as he tends to drink more at parties to maintain that desired effect.