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You will have learnt about a key question from child psychology that is relevant to today's society - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 14 - 2017 - Paper 2
Question 14
You will have learnt about a key question from child psychology that is relevant to today's society. Assess the key question from child psychology.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:You will have learnt about a key question from child psychology that is relevant to today's society - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 14 - 2017 - Paper 2
Step 1
AO1: Key Question in Child Psychology
Answer
A major question in child psychology revolves around attachment styles and their implications for child development. Research by Ainsworth (1978) identified that in her Baltimore study, 65% of children were securely attached, whereas Grossmann found that only 33% of children in Germany were securely attached, with 49% insecurely attached.
Takahashi (1986) noted cultural differences, particularly in Japan, where insecure-resistant attachment was more prevalent. Furthermore, studies by Sagi (1985) and Sagi et al. (1991) indicated varying attachment types found among children living in Kibbutzim compared to those living with parents. These findings challenge the universality of attachment theories posited by Ainsworth.
Step 2
AO2: Cultural Perspectives on Attachment
Answer
To understand how these attachment styles manifest culturally, Hattie’s research suggests that different cultures prioritize various attachment behaviors. In her studies, she found that the roles of mothers might influence attachment styles due to differing nurturing practices.
If Hattie's participants were Japanese, the mothers' refusal to leave their children might show a different attachment style than what is identified in Ainsworth's studies, possibly indicating that cultural contexts significantly impact how children form attachments.
Step 3
AO3: Broader Implications of Attachment Theory
Answer
Research by Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988) identified that the most common type of attachment globally is secure attachment. However, attachment theory's applicability can vary due to socio-economic and cultural backgrounds.
The implications are that, while secure attachments are seen as ideal, understanding diverse cultural perspectives on attachment is vital for effective parenting practices. Thus, while universally secure attachment may be viewed as beneficial, cultural differences, such as those observed in Japan, necessitate tailored approaches to parenting and child-rearing practices.