Photo AI
You will have learnt about a key question from criminological psychology that is relevant to today’s society - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 10 - 2017 - Paper 2
Question 10
You will have learnt about a key question from criminological psychology that is relevant to today’s society. Assess the key question from criminological psychology... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:You will have learnt about a key question from criminological psychology that is relevant to today’s society - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 10 - 2017 - Paper 2
Step 1
AO1: Reinstating Context
Answer
One of the crucial steps in a cognitive interview is reinstating the context. This involves witnesses recalling cues from the environment where the event occurred, along with their emotions at the time. Witnesses should start the interview by being encouraged to recall their memories without interruptions. Once free recall is established, the interviewer can then begin to ask specific questions.
The police may guide witnesses to recapture details, asking them to reflect from different perspectives, such as another witness’s or the victim’s viewpoint.
Step 2
AO2: Example with Kylie
Answer
Consider a scenario involving a witness named Kylie. She could remember particular cues, such as the distinct smells present when she witnessed the crime. It’s essential to prompt her to express her emotions during the event, for instance, the fear she felt.
During the initial stages of the interview, Kylie would benefit from discussing what transpired. This would likely aid her memory recovery as she engages in free recall. If Kylie recalls more vividly, she is less likely to experience gaps in her memory, leading to a clearer picture of the crime.
Step 3
AO3: Supporting Studies
Answer
Geiselman et al. (1985) found that the cognitive interview enhanced the accuracy of the information recalled compared to standard interviewing methods. The study highlighted that cognitive interviews slightly improved the recollection of details, as compared to traditional interviews, which may overlook important context.
Additionally, Holliday (2003) suggested that cognitive interviews were more effective in eliciting detailed information, emphasizing the collaboration between the witness and the interviewer as a vital aspect in increasing recall accuracy. Thus, the cognitive interview technique serves to boost the reliability of witness statements, potentially leading to more effective investigations.