Evaluate the use of the longitudinal research method as used in clinical psychology. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 5 - 2022 - Paper 2

Data collection can occur through various methods, including observations and interviews. These approaches enable researchers to gather rich, qualitative insights into the participants' experiences and behaviors over time.

Consistency in data collection tools enhances the reliability of the findings. For example, studies like Vallentine et al. (2010) utilized multiple measurements, ensuring that variations in mental health assessments are attributable to genuine changes rather than methodological discrepancies.

Quantitative data can be obtained through standardized measures, such as the Beck Depression Inventory, while qualitative data can be gathered through interviews. This dual approach enriches the understanding of the participants' mental health changes over time.

By following the same participants for an extended period, longitudinal studies can trace the evolution of mental health issues more accurately than cross-sectional studies, which provide snapshots in time.

Studying the same participants reduces variability related to individual differences, allowing a clearer understanding of how their mental health is affected by external factors, such as life circumstances or interventions.

While longer durations may lead to deeper connections between researchers and participants, this can result in unintended emotional biases, potentially affecting the objectivity of the research.

Participants with severe mental illness may leave the study early, skewing the results over time. This dropout can lead to a sample that may not fully represent the diversity of mental health conditions being investigated.