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Evaluate the classic studies by Raine et al - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 4 - 2020 - Paper 3
Question 4
Evaluate the classic studies by Raine et al. (1997) and Sherif et al. (1954/1961) in terms of their scientific status.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Evaluate the classic studies by Raine et al - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 4 - 2020 - Paper 3
Step 1
Evaluate Sherif et al. (1954/1961)
Answer
Sherif et al. (1954/1961) conducted a study in a real-life setting, using a summer camp to explore the dynamics of prejudice among boys. This experimental situation allowed for the observation of real behaviors in a controlled environment, which lends itself to a degree of scientific credibility.
The study involved competitive tasks designed to induce prejudice, and by establishing clear conditions, it enabled researchers to analyze the effects systematically. Moreover, the replicability of the study with consistent findings makes it more scientific. However, by breaking down complex social phenomena like prejudice into simple tasks, the study could be viewed as reductive, potentially overlooking broader social influences.
Additionally, the study aimed to address behavior holistically by investigating the boys' interactions in the full context, thus it holds scientific value, albeit to a limited extent.
Step 2
Evaluate Raine et al. (1997)
Answer
Raine et al. (1997) utilized PET scans to examine brain function in individuals, marking a significant advancement in behavioral sciences. The use of technology to measure neurological responses lends a high level of scientific validity to the study, as it allows for precise identification of areas related to violent behavior.
The control measures in place, such as ensuring participants were not on medication and matched for age and sex, consolidate the internal validity and reliability of findings. However, while the focus on brain function provides insights, the study does risk oversimplifying the complex interplay between biological and environmental factors, which could impact the generalizability of its conclusions. Nonetheless, the methodological rigor and objective measurement techniques employed reinforce its scientific status.