Peter is 17 years old and has just been arrested for arguing in the street and refusing to go home - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 9 - 2021 - Paper 2

Peter's development can be influenced by various factors leading to his anti-social behaviour. Since childhood, children often learn behaviour through observation, especially from same-sex role models. In Peter's case, his older brother, who has exhibited violent behaviour, might have served as a significant influence on him. By observing his brother's actions—like fighting—Peter could have internalized and imitated these aggressive behaviours.

Additionally, Peter lives in an environment characterized by a bad reputation. Such surroundings can affect perceptions and behaviours, often labelling individuals as anti-social from a young age. Growing up in this context may foster a sense of identity linked to hostility or aggression, as Peter may feel he does not conform to societal expectations or face external judgment.

At 17, Peter is likely experiencing a surge in testosterone, a hormone known to increase aggression. This heightens the possibility of acting out, especially during the adolescent stage, marked by emotional and physiological changes. Further exacerbating these behavioural issues is the potential damage caused to Peter's prefrontal cortex due to a past sporting accident. The prefrontal cortex is crucial for impulse control and emotional regulation; any injury here could lead to difficulties in managing aggression and delaying gratification, ultimately leading to increased anti-social behaviours.

In summary, a combination of family influence, a challenging living environment, hormonal changes, and possible neurological damage from the accident all intertwine to explain how Peter's development has shaped his anti-social behaviour.