Cognitive psychology is about the role of cognition/cognitive processes in human behaviour - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 15 - 2017 - Paper 1

Cognitive psychology studies mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving, focusing on how these processes influence behaviour.

Definition of Reductionism

Reductionism is the idea that complex phenomena can be understood by breaking them down into their simpler components. In psychology, it often means explaining behaviour purely in terms of cognitive processes without considering emotional, social, or environmental factors.

Proponents of Reductionism in Cognitive Psychology

1. Information Processing Model: Cognitive psychology often likens the mind to a computer, suggesting that mental processes operate in a straightforward, linear manner. This can be seen as reductionist since it simplifies the complexities of human cognition.
2. Focus on Mechanisms: The emphasis on understanding specific cognitive functions, such as memory storage and retrieval, can lead to a neglect of wider social or emotional contexts that also influence behaviour.

Critique of Reductionism

1. Limitations of the Approach: Critics argue that reductionism fails to capture the holistic nature of human behaviour. Cognitive psychology may overlook how external factors (e.g., culture, social relationships) interact with mental processes, limiting its explanatory power.
2. Case Studies and Evidence: The case study of HM, who lost his ability to create new memories, is often cited in cognitive psychology. While cognitive processes are certainly critical, the impact of emotional and environmental factors, such as the role of family and support systems, is also significant but may be underexplored.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while cognitive psychology employs reductionist approaches by focusing on mental processes, this perspective can be limited. A more integrated approach that includes both cognitive and contextual factors may provide a fuller understanding of human behaviour.