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To what extent does nurture influence cognitive and biological psychology? - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 13 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 13
To what extent does nurture influence cognitive and biological psychology?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent does nurture influence cognitive and biological psychology? - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 13 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
Define Nurture and Its Role in Psychology
Answer
Nurture refers to the environment, interactions, and experiences that a person has during their lifetime. In psychological contexts, it encompasses factors such as cultural influences, learning experiences, and exposure to environmental factors. This understanding is crucial in assessing its impact on cognitive and biological psychology.
Step 2
The Influence of Nurture on Cognitive Psychology
Answer
Nurture plays a significant role in cognitive psychology, particularly in how memory and learning processes are developed. For instance, cultural experiences can modify how memories are constructed and recalled. An example includes building distinct memory schemas influenced by cultural context.
Step 3
The Impact of Nurture on Biological Psychology
Answer
In biological psychology, nurture can influence brain functioning through mechanisms such as drug addiction, which activates the brain's reward pathways. Furthermore, environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins during prenatal development, can lead to lasting effects on brain structure and function.
Step 4
Challenges in Isolating Nurture
Answer
It is often difficult to isolate the effects of nurture from other factors when studying human behavior. Research, such as Raine et al. (1997), highlights differences between individuals, suggesting that violence may result from both biological functioning and environmental influences.
Step 5
Methodological Observations
Answer
Studies like those conducted by Olds and Milner (1954) demonstrate the interconnectedness of biological pathways and environmental influences on behavior. This implies that both nurture and biological processes work in tandem in shaping human actions and cognition.
Step 6
Significance for Both Psychological Branches
Answer
Ultimately, the interrelationship between nurture and both cognitive and biological psychology emphasizes the need for a holistic approach in understanding human behavior, considering both inherited traits and environmental contributions.